ABSTRACT
Innovation is the soul of a nation’s progress and the inexhaustible driving force for a country’s prosperity. Cultivating students’ innovative abilities is an inevitable requirement for China to rejuvenate the country through science and education and build an innovative country, and it is also an important goal of the current education reform. In the internet era and the background of global epidemic prevention, the blended teaching model integrating online and offline will become a new normal mode. By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of online teaching and 8 traditional offline teachings, this paper discusses how to make full use of the online and offline blended teaching modes to better promote the cultivation of students’ ability for creative idea generation .
ABSTRACT
Heat treatment denatures viral proteins that comprise the virion, making virus incapable of infecting a host. Coronavirus (CoV) virions contain single-stranded RNA genomes with a lipid envelope and 4 proteins, 3 of which are associated with the lipid envelope and thus are thought to be easily denatured by heat or surfactant-type chemicals. Prior studies have shown that a temperature of as low as 75 oC and treatment duration of 15 min can effectively inactivate CoV. The applicability of a CoV heat inactivation method greatly depends on the length of time of a heat treatment and the temperature needed to inactivate the virus. With the goal of finding conditions where sub-second heat exposure of CoV can sufficiently inactivate CoV, we designed and developed a simple system that can measure sub-second heat inactivation of CoV. The system is composed of capillary stainless-steel tubing immersed in a temperature-controlled oil bath followed by an ice bath, through which virus solution can be flowed at various speeds. Flowing virus solution at different speeds, along with a real-time temperature monitoring system, allows the virus to be accurately exposed to a desired temperature for various durations of time. Using mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a beta-coronavirus, as a model system, we identified that 85.2 oC for 0.48 s exposure is sufficient to obtain > 5 Log10 reduction in viral titer (starting titer: 5 x 107 PFU/mL), and that when exposed to 83.4 oC for 0.95 s, the virus was completely inactivated (zero titer, > 6 Log10 reduction).
Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver InjuryABSTRACT
It was recently shown that the major genetic risk factor associated with becoming severely ill with COVID-19 when infected by SARS-CoV-2 is inherited from Neandertals. Thanks to new genetic association studies additional risk factors are now being discovered. Using data from a recent genome-wide associations from the Genetics of Mortality in Critical Care (GenOMICC) consortium, we show that a haplotype at a region associated with requiring intensive care is inherited from Neandertals. It encodes proteins that activate enzymes that are important during infections with RNA viruses. As compared to the previously described Neandertal risk haplotype, this Neandertal haplotype is protective against severe COVID-19, is of more moderate effect, and is found at substantial frequencies in all regions of the world outside Africa.
Subject(s)
COVID-19ABSTRACT
As the frontline health care workers at the center of the novel coronavirus disease (COVIN-19) outbreak, we have found many asymptomatic COVIN-19 patients or patients with mild symptoms since December 2019. A number of COVIN-19 cases with conjunctivitis or conjunctivitis as the first symptom have been observed in our clinical work. This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of one COVIN-19 patient with conjunctivitis as the first symptom and one COVIN-19 patient with conjunctivitis. Case one occurred conjunctivitis at the third day after closely contacted with determined COVID-19 patient and visited to eye doctor, and the symptom of conjunctivitis following the topical administration of anti-virual eyedrops for 1 week, followed by COVID-19. Her 2019-nCoV RNA detection of nasopharynx swab was positive but that of conjunctival sac swab was a negative result. Case two had a positive epidemiological history and simultaneous onset of COVID-19 and conjunctivitis.She presented positive results of 2019-nCoV RNA detection in both nasopharynx and conjunctival sac swabs, and other lab results supported the diagnosis of COVID-19 but she had a normal CT findings of the chest. The ocular symptoms were disappeared after topical administration of anti-virual eyedrops for 1 week.